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Abstract
Three field experiments were conducted at Ismailia Agricultural Research station, to study the effect of nitrogen (0, 30, 45 and 60 kg/fed.), sulphur (0, 250 and 500 kg/fed.), phosphorus (0, 15, 30 and 45kg/fed), Boron (0, 5 and 10ppm) and Zinc as ZnSO4.7H2O (0, 0.25, 0.5 %) and their interactions on oil of canola seeds (Brassica napus L). Designed factorials of complete randomized blocks with three replicates were used. Pactol cultivars of canola being used in all experiments were planting on 24 November 2004.
The obtained data were analyzed statistically and the obtained results could be summarized as follows:
5.1. Effect of nitrogen fertilizer levels on canola plant:
5.1.1. Growth parameters
1- Plant height at both 90 days after sowing significantly and progressively increased with increasing nitrogen level up to 60 kg/fed.
2- Dry weight at 90 days after sowing significantly increased as nitrogen level increased up to 60 kg/fed.
5.1.2. Yield and yield components
1- Number of branches per plant at 90 days after sowing increased with increasing nitrogen rate up to 60 kg/fed.
2- Increasing nitrogen fertilizer rate increased the number of pods per plant and number of branches per plant and the 1000- seed weight.
3- Increasing nitrogen fertilizer rate increased the number of pods per plant, number of branches per plant and the 1000- seed weight. Increasing the applied nitrogen rate up to 60 kg/fed
4- Significantly increased both seed and straw yield of canola plant.
5.1.3. Seed quality:
1- Seed oil percentage decreased as a result of increasing nitrogen fertilization levels.
2- Seed protein percentage significantly increased due to increasing nitrogen level.
3- Increasing nitrogen level up to 60 kg/fed significantly increased protein yield.
5.1.4. Canola content and uptake of N, P and K:
1- The N fertilization progressively and significantly increased N and K content in canola plant tissue at 90 days after sowing as well as in seeds and straw at harvesting however, the nitrogen application tended to decrease P content in plant tissue as well as seeds and straw.
2- Nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium uptake by seed and straw were increased significantly as nitrogen levels increasing.
5.2. Effect of phosphorus fertilization:
5.2. 1. Growth characters:
1. Plant height at 90 days after sowing increased by phosphorus application.
2- Dry weight at 90 day after sowing was increased by phosphorus application
5.2.2. Yield and yield components:
1- Number of pods per plant increased by increasing phosphorus level.
2- Numbers of branches and 1000-seed weight were increased by phosphorus application.
3- Seed yield and straw significantly increased with increasing phosphorus application.
5.2.3. Seed quality:
1- Phosphorus application resulted in a significantly increase in oil yield.
2- Phosphorus application had no effect on seed oil and protein percentage as well as seed protein yield.
5.2.4. NPK contents and uptake:
1- Nitrogen and potassium percentage in plant at 90 days after sowing as well as seeds and straw at harvesting were not affected by phosphorus fertilization.
2- Phosphorus application at rate of 45 kg P2O5/fed significantly increased phosphorus percentage in plant at 90 days after sowing and seeds and straw at harvesting.
3- Nitrogen and potassium uptake by plants at 90 days after planting were not affected by phosphorus application while P uptake was affected by phosphorus fertilization.
5.3. Effect of sulphur rates
5.3.1. Growth parameters:
Plant height at 90 days and dry weight of seed and straw at harvesting were significantly affected by sulphur rates (250 and 500 kg/fed).
5.3.2. Yield and yield components:
Sulphur fertilization show a significantly affected the number of pods/plant, number of branches and also increased 1000-seed weight, seed and straw yield with increasing by sulphur application.
5.3.3. Seed quality
Sulphur application significantly affected on oil and protein percentage as well as oil and protein yield.
5.3.4. NPK contents and uptake:
1- Phosphorus and potassium percentage in plant at 90 days after sowing and in seed were not affected by sulphur fertilization, while nitrogen content in plant at 90 days after sowing, seed and straw at harvesting were significantly increased due to application of S fertilization. Sulphur percentage at flowering stage, seed and straw at harvesting was increased with increasing sulphur application.
2- Sulphur application showed significant effects on N, P, K and S uptake by seed and straw.
5.4. Effect of Boron application:
5.4.1. Growth parameters:
1- Plant height at 90 days from sowing was affected by application of boron.
2- Dry weight of plant at flowering stage, seed and straw at harvesting tended to increase with increasing boron application.
5.4.2. Yield and yield components:
Number of pods/plant and number of branches were increased by increasing boron rates (0, 5 and 10 mg/L) and also straw and seed yields were significantly affected by boron application, while 1000-seed weight was not significant by boron levels.
5.4.3. Seed quality
Oil percentage was significantly increased by increasing B level, oil yield, protein percentage and protein yield were also significantly affected by boron levels.
5.4.4. NPK contents and uptake:
1- Fertilization of boron increased N, P, K and B percentages as compared with the control.
2- Values of N, P, K and boron uptake were significantly increased by increasing boron application.
5.4. Effect of Zinc rates:
5.4.1. Growth parameters:
Zinc fertilization increased plant height and dry weight (at 90 days), seed and straw at harvesting.
5.4.2. Yield and yield components:
Number of pods/plant and number of branches were increased by increasing zinc application. Moreover, seed and straw yields were significantly increased by zinc fertilization.
5.4.3. Seed quality
Zinc fertilization resulted in significant increased in oil percentage and protein content
5.4.4. NPK contents and uptake:
1. N, P and K percentage was not affected by zinc fertilization at 90 days after sowing while seed and straw yield at harvesting and Zinc content were significantly decreased.
2. N, P and K uptake were increased by increasing zinc application at 90 days after sowing as well as at harvesting.